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Bye-Bye, Body on Frame?

New models won't make it with a truck chassis. But body-on-frame vehicles haven't seen their last hurrah.

By Clifford Atiyeh Mar 22, 2012 5:24AM

GMC Yukon, (c) General MotorsLet’s answer the question Autoweek posed here Wednesday: No, the Chevrolet Trailblazer will not ever come back to the U.S. as a reborn, full-size SUV.


Partially, it’s because Chevrolet already sells two full-size SUVs (Tahoe, Suburban), a full-size crossover (Traverse), and a smaller crossover (Equinox). Then there’s the Acadia, a GMC-only midsize SUV. But the real reason? Body-on-frame trucks, at least in the U.S., are a surefire way to kill a new model before it even has time to linger.


Just ask Kia, which introduced the body-on-frame Borrego for 2009 and gave it the sweep that same year. When my colleague Bill Griffith tested one for The Boston Globe, he wrote that the “V8 version’s ride was rough enough to be disconcerting, even after trying lower tire pressures.” Like a garbage truck.


The Nissan Pathfinder is switching to unibody construction for 2013, the once popular Ford Explorer has ditched both the V8 and truck frame, and the Lincoln Town Car -- the only body-on-frame sedan still on sale here -- is departing forever after this year.


Unibody construction makes for a more carlike experience. The body floor, pillars and roof are welded together as one unit, and the engine and suspension hang off on subframes. They are lighter and more rigid than a body-on-frame chassis, which uses two thick steel beams braced together under a separate, mounted body.

Some off-road purists say that body-on-frame vehicles, because they allow more torsion, tend to take a beating better, and they’re mostly right. That’s why every pickup truck, save for the Honda Ridgeline, and full-size van uses a body-on-frame design. Their tough, simple construction allows for superior towing, payload and overall durability in heavy-duty use. Plus, as Hemmings notes, body-on-frame vehicles are cheaper to repair after an accident -- hence the reluctance for taxi companies and police agencies to give up their Crown Vics. They’re also heavier, meaning a fuel-economy penalty is unavoidable.


But has the unibody truly decimated the body-on-frame chassis? By my count, 22 body-on-frame vehicles are on sale in the US, excluding pickups, vans and heavy-duty commercial trucks. Let’s take a quick look at why they still exist when compared with their typically better-handling, better-riding and more efficient unibody competition.


Ford Expedition/Lincoln Navigator – These hulking dinosaurs have hardly been updated since their 2000s-era heyday and aren't as popular as the GM SUVs.


Jeep Wrangler – The original American rock-crawler won’t ever change its beefy body-on-frame design. It’s the last bastion between real trucks and wannabes.


Nissan Xterra – With the Pathfinder becoming “softer,” the Xterra is a less expensive, more hard-core ride for committed SUV buyers. 


Nissan Armada – The owner of a dog-grooming business down the street from me uses an Armada to haul her 165-pound Great Dane. She needs this truck more than anyone. 


Nissan Pathfinder – The 2013 Pathfinder will share its unibody platform with the brand-new Infiniti JX. The current Pathfinder is simply old.


Infiniti QX56 – Everything is enormous and overkill on this superluxe rig. For some reason, everything that fails to gain attention in the Lincoln Navigator -- huge V8 engine, houselike proportions, is working for Infiniti.


Toyota Land Cruiser/Lexus LX 570 – The Land Cruiser and LX 570 are old classics that are almost as nice as a Range Rover for somewhat less money.


Toyota FJ – Another classic, albeit with three windshield wipers. See Jeep Wrangler.


Toyota 4Runner – See Nissan Xterra.


Lexus GX 460 – This body-on-frame SUV not only looks awkward, but handled so badly that Consumer Reports issued a “Don’t Buy” rating in 2010.


Land Rover LR4 – It’s heavy, about 5,500 pounds, and floats above the earth. But it’s also one of the most serious SUVs imaginable when the road gets rough. None of its buyers care that it gets 13 mpg in real-world driving.


Range Rover Sport – The bigger Range Rover rides on a unibody developed in tandem with BMW. The Sport rides on the LR4 chassis, yet there is nothing sporty about it; buyers, meanwhile, eat up the Sport like free-range chicken.


Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Yukon/Cadillac Escalade – These brutes continue to sell well, thanks to their simple styling and rugged specs. The Escalade continues to be stolen very often.


Chevrolet Suburban/GMC Yukon XL/Cadillac Escalade ESV – I drove an Escalade ESV for one day in Boston and then hid the keys. If I were a bus driver, I’d have been very happy.


Lincoln Town Car – The very last rear-wheel-drive, full-size American sedan without a unibody chassis. Livery drivers are seriously worried that no other car will replace the Town Car's smooth-riding, long-lasting performance for the money.


Mercedes-Benz G-Class – The Cold War relic that keeps on giving. Built on the same chassis since 1979, this German troop transport defies any and all logic, especially when the sticker gets to $130,000. 


Absolutely none of these vehicles returns decent fuel economy. Many, like the Infiniti and Rovers, are ultrapricey. Others, like the Wrangler and FJ, are in unbeatable niches. Most, if not all, make no sense to European citizens crushed under $8-per-gallon gasoline.


So while it’s tough, if perhaps even impossible, to launch a completely new body-on-frame truck, it’s apparently quite simple to keep the gas-guzzling brutes we have. What red-blooded, truck-loving Texan would disagree?


Clifford Atiyeh has spent his entire life driving and riding in cars he doesn't own. He was raised in Volvos and has grown to love fast, irresponsible vehicles of all kinds. He lives in Boston, is a member of the New England Motor Press Association, and has reported for The Boston Globe, Car and Driver, Popular Mechanics and The Times of London.

48Comments
Mar 22, 2012 11:08AM
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nissan pathfinder......."The second generation was introduced in 1996 with more rounded styling. The second generation Pathfinder was completely redesigned from the first generation, switching from  Body On Frame construction TO Unibody construction."
Mar 22, 2012 10:31AM
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this has been happening all the time.

going unibody is cheaper to produce.

just a matter of time when pickup trucks will be unibody and front wheel drive.

for a car its ok but...

i do not want a unibody pickup!!!

(i thought the nissan pathfinder went unibody years ago!?)

Mar 22, 2012 10:23AM
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@ZIPPY333 Nope, the QX56 is most definitely body-on-frame, as is the Patrol. See here: http://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/reviews/drives/2011-infiniti-qx56-test-drive

Mar 22, 2012 9:00AM
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  It's as if every road imperfection is transferred to the unibody which acts like a huge amplifier.

There is no "as if", that is what is happening. The suspension is directly connected to the structure containing the passengers. The only way to get rid of it is pack in loads of sound insulation or "attenuation" or else get really clever with the shock/strut valving. Does anyone remeber GM's "Quiet Steel" ad campaign?

Mar 22, 2012 7:59AM
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the new Infiniti QX56 is based on the Nissan Patrol which is a unibody NOT a body on frame
Mar 22, 2012 6:58AM
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@Had it in Ca,

 You are 100% correct. It is far cheaper to manufacture unibody vehicles than body on frame vehicles. Unibody vehicles are not as quiet inside, as you also mentioned. It is also much cheaper to make vehicles with front wheel drive as opposed to rear wheel drive. Anything to save a buck. Front wheel drive has the added benefit to the manufacturer in that drivetrain parts wear faster, needing more frequent replacement of parts, meaning more profit for them.They are even cutting corners (no pun intended) on suspension travel. Most late model cars, when turned into a driveway, will have their rear wheel on the inside of the turn lift completely off the ground. There is not enough droop, or extension, built into the suspension to keep all four wheels on the ground. Again, more travel means longer shocks, springs and control arms, which in turn means more cost in manufacturing.

Mar 22, 2012 6:38AM
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Another benefit not mentioned is that a unibody tends to have a lower center of gravity compared to a body on frame.  This is especially important with top heavy SUVs and crossovers.
Mar 22, 2012 6:20AM
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I'm not convinced of these so-called "benefits".

 

Research vehicles which have switched from body-on-frame to unibody and the weight savings isn't all that much if any.

 

Then there is the road noise.  Most unibody cars I've driven seem to have it in spades whereas body-on-frame vehicles have much less.  It's as if every road imperfection is transferred to the unibody which acts like a huge amplifier.

 

I have a 20+ year old body-on-frame SUV which is MUCH quieter than my 6 year old unibody sedan and most others I've driven.

 

I believe the greatest incentive for manufacturers to switch is unibodies are cheaper to make!

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